ABSTRACT
This review examines information available in the literature related to childhood cancer in Primary Health Care. After synthesizing the knowledge, necessary measures have been identified to choose the best approach to the subject in Primary Health Care. An integrative review was conducted, using the databases: Medline, Lilacs, Web of Science and Scopus, published between January 2003 and December 2013. We systematically evaluated papers discussing childhood cancer in Primary Health Care. From a total of 362 identified papers, 12 were included for analysis. We identified 3 main themes: investigation of initial signs and symptoms of childhood cancer; diagnosis delays in childhood cancer; Access to health services. We have noticed that the concept of early diagnosis or suspicion of cancer as something inherent in Primary Health Care is still little explored all over the world. Because of this, the management strategies and health management must contemplate the theme of childhood cancer. By creating structuring of a macro planning it is possible to predict the three axes already mentioned in the literature, following these advances, we could improve the children's health overall.
Este estudo examina informações encontradas na literatura a respeito do câncer em crianças e adolescentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Depois de sintetizar o conhecimento, foram apontadas medidas necessárias para escolher a melhor abordagem do tema na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Foi realizado um estudo de revisão integrativa, utilizando as bases de dados: Medline, Lilacs, Web of Science e Scopus, publicados entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2013. Foram avaliados sistematicamente artigos que discutiam o câncer em crianças e adolescentes na Atenção Básica. Um total de 362 artigos foi identificado. Desse total, 12 elegíveis na análise. Identificaram-se três eixos temáticos: investigação de sinais e sintomas do câncer em crianças e adolescentes; atrasos no diagnóstico do câncer em crianças e adolescentes e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Notou-se que o conceito de diagnóstico precoce ou suspeita de câncer como algo inerente em Atenção Primária à Saúde é ainda pouco explorado em todo o mundo. Devido a isso, as estratégias de gestão da saúde devem contemplar o tema do câncer em crianças e adolescentes. Com a criação de estruturação de um planejamento macro, é possível prever os três eixos já citados na literatura e, seguindo esses avanços, pode-se melhorar a saúde global das crianças.
Subject(s)
Child Health , Early Detection of Cancer , Neoplasms , Primary Health Care , Public HealthABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the final surgical outcome in horizontal strabismus correction, measured in primary position of gaze, in two situations: 1. When surgery was performed only on the horizontal rectus muscles; and 2. When inferior or superior oblique muscle weakening procedures were simultaneously performed. METHODS: Two hundred thirty cases were analyzed retrospectively: 172 esotropias (110 without oblique overaction; 23 with inferior oblique overaction; and 39 with superior oblique overaction), and 58 exotropias (25 without oblique overaction; 19 with inferior oblique overaction; and 14 with superior oblique overaction). Initial and final deviations, as well as the amount of correction achieved, was compared in six groups. RESULTS: No differences in outcomes and final results were found between any of the major or minor groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Oblique muscle weakening, in combination with horizontal muscle strabismus surgery did not affect the final results of the horizonal surgery in primary position. This study did suggest that there might not be a need for increasing or decreasing amounts of surgery on the horizontal rectus muscles to correct eso- or exotropia when oblique weakening procedures are included.
